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8.1 cut
: Print selected parts of linesPrint selected parts of lines. 8.2 paste
: Merge lines of filesMerge lines of files. 8.3 join
: Join lines on a common fieldJoin lines on a common field.
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cut
: Print selected parts of lines
cut
writes to standard output selected parts of each line of each
input file, or standard input if no files are given or for a file name of
`-'. Synopsis:
cut [option]... [file]... |
In the table which follows, the byte-list, character-list, and field-list are one or more numbers or ranges (two numbers separated by a dash) separated by commas. Bytes, characters, and fields are numbered from starting at 1. Incomplete ranges may be given: `-m' means `1-m'; `n-' means `n' through end of line or last field.
The program accepts the following options. Also see 2. Common options.
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paste
: Merge lines of files
paste
writes to standard output lines consisting of sequentially
corresponding lines of each given file, separated by a TAB character.
Standard input is used for a file name of `-' or if no input files
are given.
Synopsis:
paste [option]... [file]... |
The program accepts the following options. Also see 2. Common options.
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join
: Join lines on a common field
join
writes to standard output a line for each pair of input
lines that have identical join fields. Synopsis:
join [option]... file1 file2 |
Either file1 or file2 (but not both) can be `-',
meaning standard input. file1 and file2 should be already
sorted in increasing textual order on the join fields, using the
collating sequence specified by the LC_COLLATE
locale. Unless
the `-t' option is given, the input should be sorted ignoring blanks at
the start of the join field, as in sort -b
. If the
`--ignore-case' option is given, lines should be sorted without
regard to the case of characters in the join field, as in sort -f
.
The defaults are: the join field is the first field in each line; fields in the input are separated by one or more blanks, with leading blanks on the line ignored; fields in the output are separated by a space; each output line consists of the join field, the remaining fields from file1, then the remaining fields from file2.
The program accepts the following options. Also see 2. Common options.
A field specification of `0' denotes the join field.
In most cases, the functionality of the `0' field spec
may be reproduced using the explicit m.n that corresponds
to the join field. However, when printing unpairable lines
(using either of the `-a' or `-v' options), there is no way
to specify the join field using m.n in field-list
if there are unpairable lines in both files.
To give join
that functionality, POSIX invented the `0'
field specification notation.
The elements in field-list are separated by commas or blanks. Multiple field-list arguments can be given after a single `-o' option; the values of all lists given with `-o' are concatenated together. All output lines -- including those printed because of any -a or -v option -- are subject to the specified field-list.
In addition, when GNU join
is invoked with exactly one argument,
options `--help' and `--version' are recognized. See section 2. Common options.
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